Overview
A BowTie model is built around several core elements that define how risks are structured and managed.
Hazard
A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm.
Examples include:
- Activities (e.g., driving)
- Conditions (e.g., icy roads)
- Objects (e.g., machinery)
Hazards are often part of normal operations and cannot always be eliminated.
Top Event
The top event represents the moment when control over the hazard is lost. It is not the final outcome but the point where the system becomes unsafe.
Example:
- Losing control of a vehicle
Threats
Threats are the direct causes that can lead to the top event. They must have a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Example:
- Tyre blow-out
Consequences
Consequences are the outcomes that may occur if the top event is not controlled.
Example:
- Collision resulting in injury
Summary
These elements form the backbone of the BowTie model, helping organizations clearly map how risks originate and develop.